A Production Voucher records the actual production run — gross and net quantity produced, raw materials consumed, overheads applied, by-products generated, and employee wages. On approval it posts inventory consumption and finished-goods WIP at the production center, allocates cost across the main product and by-products, and optionally creates Employee Production Wage entries for payroll.
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Total production cost is calculated as:
Total cost = Raw material cost + Overhead charges + Employee wages
Each by-product line is costed using one of these methods (defined on the BOM and copied to the voucher):
| **Method** | **Formula** | **Example** | |------------|---------------|-------------| | Per unit cost | By-product quantity × per unit cost | Scrap metal 50 kg × ₹10/kg = ₹500 credited to scrap | | % of cost Allocation | Total cost × (percentage ÷ 100) | 10% of ₹20,000 total cost = ₹2,000 to by-product |The main finished item receives the remaining balance divided by its net quantity:
Main product unit cost = (Total cost − sum of by-product costs) ÷ Main net quantity
Example: Total cost ₹10,000. By-product A gets 15% (₹1,500). By-product B has per unit cost ₹20 × 10 units = ₹200. Main product net qty 100 → unit cost = (10,000 − 1,500 − 200) ÷ 100 = ₹83.00.
Configure allocation on the BOM under By Products Generated. The voucher inherits the same rules. You must choose either percentage or per unit cost for each by-product line — not both.
When Exclude By Product Quantity in yield calculation is enabled in Production Settings, by-product quantity is excluded from yield % on the voucher view.
Labour cost for employees who worked on the run. This section appears only when Enable Piece-Rate/Hourly-Rate Wages in Production is turned on in Payroll Settings.
| **Column** | **Description** | |------------|-----------------| | Sl Num | Line serial number. | | Employee | Employee who performed the work. | | Type | Wage type — Piece Rate or Hourly Rate (from BOM). | | Rate per unit | Rate applied per unit or per hour. | | Quantity | Units produced (for piece rate). | | Hours | Hours worked (for hourly rate). | | Total | Calculated wage amount (`Quantity × Rate` or `Hours × Rate`). |Set the default wage type and piece rate on the BOM (Wage Type and Piece Rate). When you create a voucher from an order, employee wage lines are pre-filled from the BOM and scaled to net quantity.
See Production Wage and Employee Piece Rate Report for verification before payrun.
After approval, the voucher view shows calculated costing and variance metrics:
| **Field** | **Description** | |-----------|-----------------| | Unit Cost | Cost per unit of the main finished item after by-product allocation. | | Total Cost | Full production cost (materials + overheads + wages). | | Yield % | Net quantity as a percentage of gross quantity. | | Loss % | Wastage as a percentage of gross quantity. | | Output Variance % | Difference between actual net output and expected order/BOM quantity. | | Output Variance Qty | Absolute quantity difference from expected output. |The Production Cost tab on the voucher view shows how the unit cost is built up. Click the expand icon for the full breakdown, and use the Export button in the summary header to download it to Excel.
The top summary shows totals and a Per Unit Cost Breakdown — each cost bucket expressed per produced unit:
| **Field** | **Description** | |-----------|-----------------| | Produced Item | Main finished item. | | Total Quantity | Net quantity produced. | | Total Cost | Full production cost (raw materials + overhead + employee wages). | | Raw Material Cost | Raw material cost per produced unit. | | Labour Charge | Employee wage cost per produced unit. | | Overhead Charge | Overhead charge per produced unit. | | Avg Unit Cost | Final cost per unit after by-product allocation. |Below the summary, detailed sections list Raw Material Cost, Overhead Charges, and Employee Cost line by line. When by-products exist, a Less: By-Products Value line shows the value deducted from total cost, because by-products absorb a share of the production cost.
The Employee Cost section lists each wage line:
| **Column** | **Description** | |------------|-----------------| | Employee | Employee who performed the work. | | Type | Piece Rate or Hourly Rate. | | Hours | Hours worked (hourly-rate lines). | | Rate/Hr | Effective hourly rate (`Amount ÷ Hours`). | | Amount | Wage amount for the line. |Production Settings and BOM limits control when a voucher can be approved directly versus when multi-level approval is required.
If a limit is zero or blank, that check is skipped.
Review variance trends on Order Wise Variance, Material Usage Variance, and the Production Dashboard variance charts (when enabled).
Can I create a voucher without raw materials?
When Provision for Production Voucher without raw materials is enabled in Production Settings, raw material lines are optional.
What is Yield %?
Net quantity as a percentage of gross quantity. By-product quantity may be excluded per Production Settings.
Why are raw materials locked?
When Lock raw materials in Production Vouchers created over Production Order is on, consumption lines match issued material and cannot be freely edited.
Why don't I see Employee Wages?
Enable Enable Piece-Rate/Hourly-Rate Wages in Production in Payroll Settings and set Wage Type on the BOM.
Can I use both cost percentage and per unit cost on a by-product?
No — choose one method per by-product line. Per unit cost takes precedence when both values are present during costing.
Where do I see voucher detail in reports?
Production Report lists every voucher with cost breakdown.
Why was variance approval required?
Output quantity or raw material consumption exceeded limits set in Production Settings. Complete multi-level approval before the voucher can post.
Why is batch or serial required?
Batch-tracked items need batch on lines; serial-tracked items need serial numbers matching output quantity with no duplicates.
Why do I see a prompt after changing Gross Quantity?
If gross quantity changes after raw materials were fetched from the BOM, the system asks whether to continue without refetching. Refetch scales consumption to the new output — skipping may leave material lines out of sync with production.
Why was batch split approve blocked?
When Batch wise Quantity split up is used, the sum of split quantities must equal Gross Quantity − Wastage Quantity. The same batch cannot appear twice in the split table.
Can the finished item appear on raw material lines?
No. The same item cannot be both the main product (or by-product) and a raw material on the same voucher.
Can I add the same by-product twice?
No. Each by-product item may appear only once on the voucher.
Why was hourly wage approve blocked?
For hourly-rate lines, each employee must have an hourly rate in payroll salary configuration. Update the employee's payroll group before approving.
Variance exceeded but no approval workflow started?
An approval template for Production Voucher with condition Variance Exceeded must exist. Without it, approve stays blocked after the variance warning.
Why is Direct Approve hidden after variance?
When a variance attaches an approval template, use Request Approval and complete all approval stages before final approve.
Does approving post finished goods to warehouse stock?
Approve posts WIP and consumption at the production Center. Use Create Receipt From Production on an approved voucher to move finished goods into net stock at the receipt center.
Why can I not cancel this voucher?
Cancel linked Receipt From Production documents first. If employee piece-rate wages were paid in a payrun, cancel that payrun before cancelling the voucher.
How is raw material deviation limit chosen?
Each BOM raw material line can have its own Deviation Limit (%). If blank, the workspace Default raw material deviation limit (%) in Production Settings applies.
When is output batch auto-generated?
When the BOM has Auto generate batch enabled, the system can create output batch numbers from the BOM prefix on approve — including one batch per row in batch-wise split.